Articles

  • Proprietary Estoppel

    Proprietary Estoppel in English Law: A Comprehensive Overview Proprietary estoppel is an equitable doctrine that prevents a person from denying a promise relating to rights in property when another has relied on that promise to their detriment. In practical terms, it can create rights over land or property in favour of a claimant where enforcing […]

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  • Vicarious Liability

    Vicarious Liability: Two-Stage Test, Extensions and Implications Introduction Vicarious liability is a common law doctrine of strict, no fault, secondary liability under which one party, typically an employer or principal, is held responsible for torts committed by another, usually an employee or agent, in the course of their relationship. In essence, an employer may have […]

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  • Johnson v Helm [2025] EWHC 1546 (KB)

    High Court Clarifies Fact v Opinion in Johnson v Helm [2025] Background Facts of the Dispute In Johnson v Helm [2025] EWHC 1546 (KB), a domestic building dispute gave rise to a defamatory online review. The defendant, Mr Stephen Helm, had hired the claimant, Mr Benjamin Johnson, to install a kitchen. After the work, Mr […]

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